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white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> 引擎在運轉過(guò)程中，汽車(chē)零部件受燃燒氣體及摩擦力的影響，不斷吸收熱量，在給定的工作條件下，這些熱量必須與吸熱過(guò)程相同的速度擴散到大氣中去，達到相對的平衡，維持發(fā)動(dòng)機給定的工作溫度。從體積結構上看，冷卻系統占了整個(gè)引擎的三分之一?？梢?jiàn)冷卻系統是引擎正常運轉不可缺少的重要架構。形象的講：引擎工作在液體包圍之中。冷卻媒介的優(yōu)劣，直接影響引擎的性能。 </div> <div id="xxhjvtb" class="para MARK_MODULE" label-module="para" data-uuid="go06tq1jam" data-pid="7" style="font-size:14px;color:#333333;margin-bottom:15px;text-indent:2em;line-height:24px;zoom:1;font-family:" white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> 早期的引擎冷卻僅僅是維持引擎能正常工作就可以了。二次世界大戰結束之后，美國的汽車(chē)制造商意識到：通過(guò)提高引擎的工作溫度，可以減少磨損和積炭。于是加裝了節溫器，使引擎的工作溫度恒定在85℃左右。隨著(zhù)時(shí)代的發(fā)展，汽車(chē)制造業(yè)的進(jìn)步，對冷卻媒介提出了更高的要求。很多高性能的汽車(chē)，如：奔馳、寶馬更是要求配備原廠(chǎng)冷卻液。發(fā)達國家的火車(chē)機車(chē)冷卻系統的出水口溫度，更是高達120℃。提高引擎工作溫度，已成為提高引擎性能的重要手段。 </div> <div id="rhbdhnt" class="para MARK_MODULE" label-module="para" data-uuid="sPXPGui8UdQc" data-pid="8" style="font-size:14px;color:#333333;margin-bottom:15px;text-indent:2em;line-height:24px;zoom:1;font-family:" white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> <span style="font-weight:700;">傳統冷卻媒介的缺陷</span> </div> <div id="ltvzblj" class="para MARK_MODULE" label-module="para" data-uuid="go06tq1jdr" data-pid="9" style="font-size:14px;color:#333333;margin-bottom:15px;text-indent:2em;line-height:24px;zoom:1;font-family:" white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> 水是冷卻媒介的一種。長(cháng)久以來(lái)，選擇水作為冷卻媒介，主要是出于其安全，易取的特點(diǎn)。但水本身固有的缺陷，如：沸點(diǎn)低，結冰，腐蝕，水垢等，使其無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足現代引擎發(fā)展的需要。在百余年的汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展史上，經(jīng)歷了許多技術(shù)變革，但冷卻媒介卻從未得到根本的改變，始終離不開(kāi)水。過(guò)去，人們對冷卻系統內部工作狀態(tài)的認識是模糊的，當使用含水冷卻液時(shí)，由于水的沸點(diǎn)低，以及產(chǎn)生的水蒸汽層阻礙導熱的原因，在氣缸工作時(shí)產(chǎn)生的高溫，熱量交換不出來(lái)，使發(fā)動(dòng)機工作在過(guò)熱狀態(tài)，導致產(chǎn)生預燃，爆震，引擎性能下降，油耗增加，故障率上升。很多汽車(chē)制造商，以冷卻系統增加壓力裝置，來(lái)緩解過(guò)熱“開(kāi)鍋”問(wèn)題，既增加了制造成本，又沒(méi)有從根本上解決問(wèn)題，治標不治本。所有引擎只要使用含水冷卻媒介，都將受此危害。并且在冷卻系統管路內產(chǎn)生水垢、水銹，系統工作在高壓下，使冷卻系統壽命大幅縮短。 </div> <div id="tbnztbj" class="para MARK_MODULE" label-module="para" data-uuid="go06tq1jfc" data-pid="10" style="font-size:14px;color:#333333;margin-bottom:15px;text-indent:2em;line-height:24px;zoom:1;font-family:" white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> 引擎在設計和使用上，冷卻媒介往往是習慣和依賴(lài)使用含水的冷卻液，這樣，引擎的工作溫度必須控制在100℃以下。通常是80℃~95℃之間。這是含水媒介的一個(gè)臨界狀態(tài)，也是不得已而為之。引擎是<a target="_blank" data-lemmaid="7231569" data-log="text" data-module="text" style="color:#136EC2;text-decoration-line:none;">金屬制品</a>，按理說(shuō)，多承受高幾十度的溫度，是一點(diǎn)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有的。問(wèn)題是海拔在0高度時(shí)，水的沸點(diǎn)只有100℃。也就是說(shuō)：水溫超過(guò)沸點(diǎn)時(shí)，引擎冷卻系統內產(chǎn)生大量的水蒸汽導致氣阻，引擎內部溫度高達幾百度，引擎的<a target="_blank" data-log="text" data-module="text" style="color:#136EC2;text-decoration-line:none;">曲軸</a>抱死、卡環(huán)、甚至拉缸。實(shí)踐證明：使用含水的冷卻媒介，引擎始終工作在危險的狀態(tài)，無(wú)法科學(xué)的設定引擎工作溫度。而采用提高引擎工作溫度來(lái)提高引擎性能，受到阻礙。所以講:使用和依賴(lài)含水的冷卻媒介是制約引擎高性能發(fā)展的障礙和誤區。 </div> <div id="hprdflj" class="para MARK_MODULE" label-module="para" data-uuid="go06tq1jgx" data-pid="11" style="font-size:14px;color:#333333;margin-bottom:15px;text-indent:2em;line-height:24px;zoom:1;font-family:" white-space:normal;background-color:#ffffff;"=""> 鑒于水媒介的種種弊端，上世紀90年代，歐美及發(fā)達國家，已成功開(kāi)發(fā)出無(wú)水冷卻液，最早為軍隊專(zhuān)用，以后賽車(chē)和高性能的汽車(chē)上開(kāi)始使用，已向民用普及。 </div> <p> <br /> </p> </div> <div id="bbfhbhf" class="fxbox"> <div id="ndhjlbr" class="tit">分享此文章</div> <div id="dbxhtrj" 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